Resumo GEOGRAPHY - A1P3

REGIONS

Hug and tall mountain ranges were originated from tectonic plates movements, such as the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, which formed the Himalayan mountain range.
The long rivers many times are fed by melting ice accumulated in the top of these tall mountains.
The rivers carry sediments that enriches the soil, supporting agricultural development.

Main use: irrigate crops, generate electricity and water supply to the population.

Its population is also increasing exponentially, with birth rates maintaining high, while death rates have decreased with medical and hygiene improvements.
Some of the most populated countries (China and India) have implemented population control methods to reduce birth rates, such as the one-child policy in China.

Cold: near the Arctic Circle and high latitudes, with harsh winters and milder summers (vegetation = boreal forest or taiga with pine trees).
Cold Mountain: large mountain ranges in the central part of the continent, with harsh winters and a lot of snowing (vegetation = alpine meadows and boreal forest in lower altitude).
Temperate: in mid-latitudes with 4 well defined seasons and precipitation regularly throughout the year and snow in winter (vegetation = temperate or deciduous forest, with trees losing their leaves in autumn and winter).
Tropical: high average temperatures and dry winters (vegetation = tropical rainforest in humidity and savannas in dry places)
Subtropical: hot and rainy summers and long and cool winters (vegetation = subtropical forests)
Mediterranean: hot summers and cold, rainy winters with medium temperatures (vegetation = mediterranean vegetation, with shrublands)
Desert: large mountains block the moist air masses from coming to deserts, which makes them very dry, with hot days and cold nights (vegetation = species adapted to water scarcity, such as cacti)
Equatorial: near the Equator line, with high average temperatures and high rainfall levels (vegetation = equatorial forest, rich in biodiversity)
Semi-arid: low annual rainfall and high temperatures (vegetation = steppe, with herbaceous plants)

Its unbalanced population is concentrated in Eastern China, and there are fewer populations in the west, due to mountains and deserts.
In 1949 there were investments in heavy industries with Socialism.
In 1970's there was the economic plan of the "4 modernizations", investing in agriculture, technology, defense and industry sectors.
Nowadays, etc Special Economic Zones attract foreign companies and offer low taxes, cheap labor and technologies invested, with its current trade model being "socialist market economy", a mix of socialism policies with an economic market opened to exports.
Its government has a 1 party system, being authoritarian and having no fully political freedom.
Their exports-led industries have negative consequences, such as poor working conditions and environmental problems, resulting in health challenges for the population.

The population is unevenly distributed, predominant along the Ganges river and major urban centers on the coast and inland.
The country's population is still majorly (65%) countryside/rural, but the rural exodus has developed the cities into metropolises with lack of infrastructure and legal housing.
Since it has gained independence it begun to develop economically, beginning with basic industries and advancing later to superstructure and techno-scientific investments.
India has also attracted foreign companies with tax reductions and cheap labor hired in Export Processing Zones, by the 1970's.
Its mineral industry also has significant potential, as well as agricultural.
But it has emerged as an software exports, with production majorly in Bangalore, and investments in researches and educational facilities.

Being the main heir of USSR, it had a tuff time adopting to capitalism, privatizing state-owned companies and asking international loans to modernize industries.
Putin was a strong leader, which helped stabilize the economy, with exports of energy resources, but still quite dependent on these oil and natural gas exports.
Russia is a great natural power due to fertile regions on its european side, strategic geographic position and abundance in energy resources naturally.